Sapphire is a precious gemstone known for its striking beauty, durability, and range of vibrant colors. Most famously recognized for its deep royal blue hue, sapphire is a variety of the mineral corundum. While blue is the most iconic, sapphires also occur in shades of pink, yellow, green, purple, and even colorless—known as "fancy sapphires."

The gemstone symbolizes wisdom, loyalty, and nobility and has been cherished in royal jewelry for centuries. It ranks 9 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making it one of the hardest natural gemstones, second only to diamond. Because of its durability and timeless appeal, sapphire is commonly used in engagement rings and fine jewelry.

Sapphires are found in various parts of the world, with notable sources including Sri Lanka, Myanmar (Burma), Madagascar, and Kashmir. Some sapphires may also display asterism (a star-like pattern) when cut as cabochons, known as star sapphires.